“A Computer Virus is a malicious software program “Malware” that can infect a computer by modifying or deleting data files, boot sector of a hard disk drive or causes a software program to work in an unexpected manner”.
A computer virus resides on a host computer and can replicate itself when executed. Virus can steal user data, delete or modify files & documents, records keystrokes & web sessions of a user. It can also steal or damage hard disk space, it can slowdown CPU processing.
Definition of Computer Virus
“A computer virus is a program that may disturb the normal working of a computer system”. Virus attaches itself to files stored on floppy disks, USBs, email attachments and hard disks. A file containing a virus is called infected file. If this file is copied to a computer, virus is also copied to the computer.
Activation of Virus
When the computer virus starts working, it is called the activation of virus. A virus normally runs all the time in the computer. Different viruses are activated in different ways. Many viruses are activated on a certain data. For example, a popular virus “Friday, the 13th” is activated only if the date is 13 and the day is Friday.
According to Wikipedia “Computer viruses cause billions of dollars’ worth of economic damage each year, due to causing systems failure, wasting computer resources, corrupting data, increasing maintenance costs, etc”.
Damages caused by virus
Computer virus cannot damage computer hardware. IT may cause many damages to a computer system. A virus can:
- A computer virus can damage data or software on the computer.
- It can delete some or all files on the computer system.
- It can destroy all the data by formatting hard drive.
- It may display a political or false message very few times.
Causes of Computer Virus
The following are the main causes of a Computer Virus.
Infected Flash Drives or Disks
Flash drives and disks are the main cause of spreading viruses. Flash drives and disks are used to transfer data from one computer to other. A virus can also be copied from one computer to other when the user copies infected files using flash drives and disks.
Email Attachments
Most of the viruses spread through emails. Email attachment is a file that is sent along with an email. An email may contain an infected file attachment. Virus can spread if the users opens and downloads an email attachment. It may harm the computer when it is activated. It may destroy files on the hard disk or may send the virus automatically to all email addresses saved in the address book.
Infected / Pornography websites
Thousands of insecure websites can infect computer with viruses. Most of the websites with pornographic materials are infected, so by visiting these websites the user’s computer also gets infected by virus. These websites are developed to spread viruses or other unethical material. The virus is transferred to the user’s computer when this material is downloaded. These websites may access the computer automatically when the users visit them.
Networks
Virus can spread if an infected computer is connected to a network. The internet is an example of such network. When a user downloads a file infected with virus from the internet, the virus is copied to the computer. It may infect the files stored on the computer.
Pirated Software
An illegal copy of software is called pirated software. Virus can spread if user installs pirated software that contains a virus. A variety of pirated software is available in CDs and from the internet. Some companies intentionally add virus in the software. The virus is automatically activated if the user uses the software without purchasing license.
Types of Computer Virus
The following are some well-known viruses.
CodeRed
It is a worm that infects a computer running Microsoft IIS server. This virus launched DOS attack on White House’s website. It allows the hacker to access the infected computer remotely.
Nimba
It is a worm that spreads itself using different methods. IT damages computer in different ways. It modified files, alters security settings and degrades performance.
SirCam
It is distributed as an email attachment. It may delete files, degrade performance and send the files to anyone.
Melisa
It is a virus that is distributed as an email attachment. IT disables different safeguards in MS Word. It sends itself to 50 people if Microsoft Outlook is installed..
Ripper
It corrupts data from the hard disk.
MDMA
It is transferred from one MS Word file to other if both files are in memory.
Concept
It is also transferred as an email attachment. It saves the file in template directory instead of its original location.
One_Half
It encrypts hard disk so only the virus may read the data. It displays One_Half on the screen when the encryption is half completed.
Protection from Computer Virus
Virus infects computer system if latest and updated version of an Antivirus program is not installed. Latest Antivirus software should be installed on Computer to protect it from viruses. A computer system can be protected from virus by following these precautions.
- The latest and updated version of Anti-Virus and firewall should be installed on the computer.
- The Anti-Virus software must be upgraded regularly.
- USB drives should be scanned for viruses, and should not be used on infected computers.
- Junk or unknown emails should not be opened and must be deleted straightaway.
- Unauthorized or pirated software should not be installed on the computer.
- An important way of protection against virus is the use of back up of data. The backup is used if the virus deletes data or modifies it. So back-up your data on regular basis. There are some great softwares that can back up your data automatically.
- Freeware and shareware software from the internet normally contain viruses. It is important to check the software before using them.
- Your best protection is your common sense. Never click on suspicious links, never download songs, videos or files from suspicious websites. Never share your personal data with people you don’t know over the internet.
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